Medical Service of Robots

Abstract

Today, robots have not only penetrated to create microchips in electronics but also in medicine, where it helps to perform difficult operations, especially where precision is needed and the size is small and any human error could be fatal to the patient. Robots assist the doctor in heart, brain, kidney operations, not to mention bone implants and repair of damaged bones, cartilage and muscles. In this area, new materials adapted to the requirements of the human body also play an important role. The robotic systems used in today's operating blocks are very expensive and bulky and they need to be permanently adapted and prepared before a difficult operation, but in the end their help is unsurpassed because the operation takes place with the help of the machine and the computer, so they can perform a giant precision of hundredth of a millimeter, precision that stops the scalpel from cutting accidentally such as a nerve, a blood vessel, healthy tissue and anything else. Assisted operation brings infinitely more advantages than the disadvantage that the operator block is voluminous and costly. However, apart from the related space, the costs are amortized over time and the satisfaction of the successful operations is great for both the patients and the medical team. Surgery has taken advantage of this technology relatively late. Initial use of robots in surgery began in the late 1980s when an industrial robot was used to support instruments for stereotactic biopsy in neurosurgery. Also in the late 1980s, IBM built the first robot used in clinical practice, called Robo-doc. The first use of a robot in human surgery was for a transurethral prostate resection. In 1993, Computer Motion, Inc. introduced a voice-controlled arm, Automated Endoscopic System for Optimal Positioning (AESOPTM), used to support instruments, of optics in laparoscopic surgery. Its version, AESOPTM 2000 is the first human-controlled robot approved by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States. In 1998, Reichenspurner introduced the ZEUS Microsurgical Robotic System into Germany. Today, the most complex and efficient robot in use is the daVinci system. With the birth of laparoscopy and information technology, surgery went into a new era. The development of surgical robots is primarily motivated by their desire the need to increase the effectiveness of surgical medical interventions. Medical actions are chosen based on information from various sources, including patient-specific data (vital signs and images of human body tissues and organs), general medical knowledge (atlases of human anatomy) and medical experiences. First, a robot can usually do things much more accurate than a man. This provides the first motivation for using CAD/CAM systems. Robots can be used successfully if the patient has been radiated (e.g., with X-radiation), thus not endangering the health of the medical team. Since ancient times, the imagination of mankind has been concerned with the idea of making cars equipped with artificial intelligence to execute operations similar to those performed by man. Technicians have been used for many years in various fields other than medical, such as the automotive industry, the underwater environment, the alien space, or the areas at risk of nuclear radiation.