Morphogenetic and Biochemical Study on University Common Bean Collection

Abstract

This research has been conducted to reveal the outcomes of rotation of crops in mountain and steppe districts near Almaty. The main morphogenetic characteristics have been investigated for the collection of representatives of common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. by using samples from various countries such as Kazakhstan, USA, China, Czech Republic, Poland, Turkey and Russia under different climate and soil conditions. A series of useful genetic stocks for the main economically valuable traits were detected. Several introduced varieties of common bean have showed high seed germination, maturation and significant resistance to water deficit, whereas some Kazakhstani varieties have been exceeded certain foreign specimens and varieties by weight of seeds and other parameters. It has been proven that “Luna” belonging to Czech collection would ripe the first (80 days from planting to complete technical maturity). Other varieties could approach the same conditions 10-12 days later. Using local specimen “Aktatti”, the effect of new bio organic mineral fertilizer produced by the Faculty of Chemistry has been demonstrated on morphogenetic traits of common beans. Basic catalogue of common bean resources including approximately 40 parental varieties and specimens of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and their relatives originally from different geographic regions has been compiled. It is planned to complete it by six bushy and runner representatives of French collection. The data have been completed by quantitative and qualitative amino acid evaluations. Kazakhstani and foreign cultivars and specimens respectively have been groupped by the data on amino acid composition of seeds which was analized by the method of liquid chromatography. Essential amino acids have approached approximately of total amino acids pool in Kazakhstani specimens. If tyrosinylation index (Phe/Tyr ratio) for local specimens achieved 0.90-0.95, similar index for external varieties was equal to 0.88-0.89. This difference may accentuate the role and the quality of membrane proteins in local lines strengthening a composite stability (resilience, temperature and metabolic) in comparison with international common bean specimens under present study.