Morphology, Anatomy, Chlorogenic Acid Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Xanthium strumarium L. and Xanthium spinosum L.

Abstract

In this study, the morphological, anatomical features, chlorogenic acid content and antioxidant activities of two species from the genus Xanthium, namely Xanthium spinosum L. growing in the slopes of Mount Daubaba in the western part of the Talas Alatau of Tyulkibas region of the South Kazakhstan region and Xanthium strumarium L. growing in the slopes of the Alma-Arasan gorge of the Trans-Ili Alatau, Almaty region, were investigated. Xanthium strumarium L. is a one-year-old widespread plant. Height is 20-100 cm, leaves are straight, pubescent, thinly faceted. On the surface of the stem there are greyish-green or brown-green spots. Xanthium spinosum L. – height is 25-100 cm. Difference of stems from species Xanthium strumarium L. is thickly branched, creeping, low-directed small solid hairs. The main and lateral roots of the plant are well developed. The anatomical structure of the transverse cut of the root of species of the genus Xanthium L. is rounded. The epidermis is completely preserved. In the anatomical structure of the stem the epidermis of the stem is well developed in species Xanthium L. The central cylinder is closed collateral, the single conducting beams are arranged ring-shaped. The leaf plate of the species Xanthium L. consists of loose mesophilic and stem tissues. Conductive beams are well formed in the central system. Besides, a simple, precise, repeatable and accurate HPLC method for determination of chlorogenic acid in samples from the genus Xanthium was developed and validated. It is also observed that the extracts obtained from the leaves or stems of these plants have significant antioxidant activity, which correlated well with chlorogenic acid content of these samples, indicating that chlorogenic acid could be important contributor of antioxidant capacities of species of the genus Xanthium L.